DRC: Clashes between M23 rebels and security forces likely to persist in North Kivu Province through mid-March /update 2

Event

Fighting between the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) and suspected members of the M23 rebel group is likely to persist through at least mid-March in North Kivu Province. As of Feb. 24, clashes continue west of Sake and Goma. Rebels reportedly took control of Mushaki, located about 36 km (22 miles) west of Goma, forcing thousands to flee towards Sake and Goma. The capture of Mushaki is strategically significant as it would cut the road between Masisi and Goma, the latter largely depending on this road for essential product supplies.

M23 rebels previously took control of the Kitchanga area, Masisi Territory, Jan. 26. The transport of goods was severely disrupted north of Goma along the N2 road connecting Rutshuru to Goma after rebels took control of several localities in October. As of Feb. 24, clashes are continuing around Kitchanga.

The fresh clashes come after the M23 was required to withdraw from the territories it occupies under the terms of regional mediation efforts.

Heightened security is almost certain in the affected areas in the coming weeks. Further violence is also likely. Officials could implement movement-restrictive measures. Locals may stage further protests in the region, including Goma, to denounce the perceived inaction of security forces. Such demonstrations have been frequent in recent weeks.

Context

Since November 2021, the M23 rebel group has increased attacks targeting armed forces in the eastern DRC, while tensions have increased between Rwanda and the DRC. In June 2022, the M23 captured the town of Bunagana in Rutshuru Territory and began marching toward Goma. Rebels took control of several localities along the roads connecting Butembo and Goma.

The M23 is seeking to pressure the government to honor a peace agreement signed in 2013, which allows the reintegration of the armed forces into society, among other issues. In April, the group took part in a truce with the government; however, it did not attend peace talks launched between the government and armed groups in Kenya.

Since late November 2022, leaders of the East African Community (EAC) have held multiple talks to push for a cessation of hostilities in eastern DRC. However, M23 rebels have continued their attacks. The M23 has repeatedly asked for direct dialogue with DRC authorities, which have so far refused.

Advice

Consider deferring nonessential travel to conflict-affected areas in eastern DRC until the situation stabilizes. Maintain contact with diplomatic missions. Consult local security partners on the viability of traveling in and around the impacted locations. Travel in convoy and during daylight hours only. Adhere to directives issued by local authorities. Reconfirm the status of public transportation, road routes and border crossings before departure.