MENA: Muslims to observe Arba'een across the Middle East and North Africa, Sept. 16-17

Event

Shi'a Muslims will observe Arba'een across the Middle East and North Africa region, Sept. 16-17. Some government and commercial offices may close throughout the region. Major closures and parades are likely in Shi'a-majority areas - especially in Iran, southern Iraq, Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia, and predominantly Shi'a areas outside Manama, Bahrain.

The observance will likely occur without incident throughout most of the region; however, isolated instances of sectarian violence remain possible in some countries, such as Bahrain and Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province. Sunni militants in Iran, particularly in Khuzestan and Sistan va Baluchestan provinces could also attempt to carry out attacks on Shi'a gatherings. Additionally, the threat of militant attacks by Islamic State (IS) and other Sunni militant groups remains across Iraq, particularly in Baghdad, Karbala, and Najaf.

Context

Arba'een marks the end of the 40-day mourning period for Imam Hussein ibn Ali, whose martyrdom at the Battle of Karbala led to the schism between Shi'a and Sunni Muslims. Terrorist attacks targeting Shi'a pilgrims have been relatively common in the past, and security continues to be a major concern.

Sectarian tensions will be high, and disputes over religious issues may turn violent. Acknowledging and abiding by Shi'a traditions is important, as perceived affronts to religious conventions have led to angry confrontations with non-Shi'a - including foreigners - in the past. Many Shi'a may carry banners or display posters depicting Imam Hussein or religious verses during the pilgrimage; removing or defiling these items in any way could spark mob violence.

Advice

Stay away from large crowds and sites where pilgrims gather unless observing Arba'een. Allow considerable extra time to reach destinations in Shi'a-populated areas due to increased security and heavy congestion, especially on main routes leading to Karbala. Confirm hotel reservations, transport bookings, and business appointments. Respect local customs; restrict photography, and avoid sensitive topics of discussion, including religious and political issues.