South Africa: Elevated measles activity reported in Limpopo and Mpumalanga in December

Event

South African health officials have reported elevated measles activity in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces, with 99 cases reported Sept. 1-Nov. 30. Over a similar period in 2021, there were only 21 cases reported. Limpopo (77 cases) is the most at-risk province. Mpumalanga (22 cases) is the only other province to report cases. Of the confirmed cases with known vaccination histories (33 cases), 18 did not receive a single dose of the measles vaccine. This report represents the most complete data available as of Dec. 6.

Context

Measles vaccination coverage in South Africa was estimated at 84 percent in 2020 and 87 percent in 2021, lower than the 92-95 percent required to prevent wider community transmission. The last notable measles outbreak in South Africa occurred in Gauteng in 2017 when 92 cases were reported.

Measles is a very contagious viral disease that spreads through respiratory droplets created when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Infected individuals can also expose people around them by contaminating surfaces with secretions from the nose, mouth, and throat. Symptoms typically appear 7-14 days after exposure, but can develop up to 21 days after exposure. Symptoms generally include fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a red rash that begins on the face and spreads downward. Serious complications - including pneumonia - can occur, especially in children younger than five years old, adults older than 20 years old, and individuals with a weakened immune system.

Advice

Visit a doctor to ensure vaccination against measles or immunity through previous infection. Practice basic health precautions. Call your medical provider if symptoms develop within three weeks of being in affected areas.