Brazil: Severe weather forecast in southeastern states through at least Jan. 14

Heavy rainfall and floods are affecting parts of southeastern Brazil as of Jan. 13. The adverse weather conditions will likely continue at least through Jan. 14.

The National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) has issued the following alerts:

• Red warnings for heavy rainfall (the highest level on a three-tier scale): For parts of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro states through at least Jan. 14.

• Orange warnings: For the rest of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro states, as well as for parts of Amapa, Amazonas, Maranhao, Tocantins, and Para states.

Sustained heavy rainfall could trigger further flooding in low-lying communities near rivers, streams, and creeks. Urban flooding is also possible in developed areas with easily overwhelmed stormwater drainage systems. Sites located downstream from large reservoirs or rivers may be subject to flash flooding after relatively short periods of intense rainfall. Landslides are possible in hilly or mountainous areas. Disruptions to electricity and telecommunications services are possible where significant flooding, landslides, or strong winds impact utility networks.

Floodwaters and debris flows could render some bridges, rail networks, or roadways impassable, impacting overland travel around affected areas. Ponding on road surfaces could cause hazardous driving conditions on regional highways. Authorities could temporarily close some low-lying routes that become inundated by floodwaters. Flooding could block regional rail lines; freight and passenger train delays and cancellations are possible in areas with heavy rainfall and potential track inundation. Localized business disruptions may occur in low-lying and riverine areas.

Flooding could heighten the threat of disease outbreaks. Backflow from drains mixed with floodwaters can become trapped in open areas when inundations recede. These stagnant pools often become a breeding ground for mosquitoes and bacteria, increasing the incidence of insect- and water-borne diseases. Exposure to contaminated water from inundated industrial sites, sewer systems, and septic tanks also poses a significant health threat.