Bangladesh: Further protests, clashes, and related disruptions likely to continue nationwide through at least late July /update 5

Further rallies, clashes, and related disruptions are likely to continue across Bangladesh through at least late July. Since early July, student activists have staged various nationwide demonstrations, including railway and road blockades, to demand reforms to the public employment quota system and to address perceived grievances about its fairness and implementation criteria. In recent days, several rallies, counterprotests, and clashes have occurred in various urban centers, such as Bogura, Chattogram, Dhaka, and Rangpur. Primary rally sites have included transportation hubs, university campuses, and major thoroughfares.

The ongoing tensions have caused disruptions to businesses, passenger and freight rail services, and vehicular traffic, especially in Dhaka. As of July 16, the violence has resulted in at least four fatalities. Railway and highway blockades continue to occur sporadically in some areas, affecting major routes in the capital. On July 16, minor flight delays were reported at Dhaka's Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (DAC) due to increased traffic congestion on Airport Road. Reports also indicate that protesters have carried improvised weapons, including iron rods and steel pipes, in some regions.

Further protest activities of varying types, including transport blockades, are highly likely to continue over the coming weeks. Counterdemonstrations by opposing groups could occur at short notice. Participation will vary by sponsoring entity and locale, with the potential to attract several thousand participants. Activists typically hold marches between university squares and major intersections or public squares. In Dhaka, potential gathering sites include the Dhaka and Jagannath university campuses, the Raju Memorial Sculpture, and the Shahbagh area.

Authorities are maintaining an increased security presence in Dhaka, Bogura, Chattogram, and Rajshahi districts. Depending on operational needs, officials may expand their presence to additional regions and implement enhanced restrictions, including temporary curbs on public movement. Authorities could also use force, including baton charges and tear gas, to disperse unruly crowds. Additional clashes between protesters and police, as well as between supporters of opposing groups, are possible. Isolated security incidents, including arson and vandalism, cannot be ruled out. Further localized transport and business disruptions are highly likely.