02 Dec 2024 | 12:44 PM UTC
Sudan: Elevated cholera activity reported in multiple states in early December
Elevated cholera activity reported in multiple states in Sudan in early December. Use food and water precautions.
Health officials have reported elevated cholera activity in multiple states in Sudan, with a total of 43,490 cases reported July 22-Nov. 28. This is compared to the more than 4,100 cases reported over a similar period in 2023. Eleven of Sudan's 18 states report disease activity, with Kassala (8,066 cases) and River Nile (7,215 cases) being the most affected. Sudan's Ministry of Health stated that most new infections are among those displaced by conflict and flooding. The WHO and UNICEF are working closely with Sudan's Ministry of Health to coordinate the response to the cholera outbreak. Initiatives include working with health partners to strengthen surveillance, early warning systems, contact tracing in affected locations, and implementing a vaccination campaign. This report represents the most up-to-date information as of Dec. 2.
Consult a travel medicine provider before departure regarding cholera vaccination. Practice strict food and water precautions. Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms develop within a week of being in affected areas.
Sudan's Ministry of Health officially declared a cholera outbreak in Kassala and other states on Aug. 12. According to the WHO, the current outbreak is not linked to the previous cholera outbreak declared in Sudan in September 2023. In addition to this new cholera outbreak, Sudan is currently facing outbreaks of dengue fever, malaria, measles, meningitis, and polio.
Cholera is transmitted directly through food or water contaminated with fecal material from an infected person. Most infected people develop no symptoms or only mild diarrhea. However, approximately one in 10 infected people develop severe cholera, which causes symptoms including profuse, watery diarrhea, vomiting, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, muscle cramps, restlessness, or irritability. Symptoms typically appear 2-3 days after exposure but can develop up to 5 days after exposure. Individuals with severe cholera can develop acute renal failure, severe electrolyte imbalances, and coma. If left untreated, these can lead to shock and rapid death.
