Argentina: Elevated dengue fever activity reported nationwide through March /update 1

Event

Health authorities have reported elevated dengue fever activity, with 5,724 additional cases reported March 19-25, bringing the total to 14,224 confirmed cases. This is 248 times higher than the 65 cases reported over a similar period in 2022. Santa Fe (4,387 cases) is the most affected province, followed by Tucuman (2,923 cases), and Salta (1,900 cases). The Argentine Ministry of Health recommends that individuals experiencing symptoms see a doctor and avoid self-medication. Health authorities also urge the implementation of preventative measures, including emptying containers holding water, installing insect screens, and using mosquito repellents. This represents the most complete information available as of April 6.

Context

The risk of dengue fever infection in Argentina exists year-round in both urban and rural areas from Buenos Aires northward; however, the risk of infection is highest from October to May. Authorities reported roughly 815 cases of dengue fever in Argentina in 2022, approximately 3,972 cases in 2021, and about 59,383 cases in 2020.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in countries with high dengue fever burdens. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: a severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated promptly.

Advice

If you have previously been infected with dengue fever, consult with your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.